With open('/Users/tnguyen/Downloads/tmp/cat2.jpg', 'wb') as f: Therefore, the snippet below works only in Python 2. Keep in mind that you can pass any filename as the second parameter and that is the location and name that your file will have, assuming you have the correct permissions. Finally, we call the urlretrieve method and pass it the url variable as the first argument, “/Users/tnguyen/Downloads/tmp/cat.jpg” as the second parameter for the file’s destination. Next, we create a variable url that contains the path of the file to be downloaded. In the earlier snippet, we first import the urllib.requestmodule. (url, '/Users/tnguyen/Downloads/tmp/cat.jpg')
Print('Beginning file download with urllib2.') This script works only in Python 3 import urllib.request
How to do Using the urllib.request package in Python 3 We’ve included it here due to is popularity in Python 2. Because of this, we wouldn’t recommend using it in favour of one of the methods below. Note: This is considered a “legacy interface” in Python 3, and it may be deprecated at some point in the future. However, we believe that it can be useful to know how to open URLs and interact with them without using a 3rd party and it may also help you appreciate why the requests package is so popular. The official documentation actually recommends that you might want to check out the 3rd party library, requests, for a higher-level HTTP client interface. We will be covering each part individually except for urllib.error. The current version of urllib is made up of the following modules: These are now a part of the urllib package in Python 3. If you are coming from a Python 2 background you will note that in Python 2 you had urllib and urllib2. The urllib module in Python 3 is a collection of modules that you can use for working with URLs.
In other words, you won’t find urllib2 in Python 3 instead of urllib. The urllib module is the replacement of urllib2 as long as migrating from Python 2 to Python 3.
Properly terminate SecureTransport connections when CA verification fails (Pull #1977)ĭon't emit an SNIMissingWarning when passing server_hostname=Noneĭisabled requesting TLSv1.2 session tickets as they weren't being used by urllib3 (Pull #1970) Send http/1.1 ALPN identifier with every TLS handshake by default (Pull #1894) (Pull #2000) Starting in urllib3 v2.0: Deprecated options will be removedĪdded default User-Agent header to every request (Pull #1750)Īdded _HEADER for skipping User-Agent, Accept-Encoding,Īnd Host headers from being automatically emitted with requests (Pull #2018)Ĭollapse transfer-encoding: chunked request data and framing into Retry.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT, and Retry(allowed_methods=.)
Starting in urllib3 v2.0: Connections that receive a DeprecationWarning will failĭeprecated Retry options Retry.DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST, Retry.DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLISTĪnd Retry(method_whitelist=.) in favor of Retry.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS, Should opt-in explicitly by setting ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1 (Pull #2002) Still wish to use TLS earlier than 1.2 without a deprecation warning
⚠️ IMPORTANT: urllib3 v2.0 will drop support for Python 2: Read more in the v2.0 RoadmapĪdded support for HTTPS proxies contacting HTTPS servers (Pull #1923, Pull #1806)ĭeprecated negotiating TLSv1 and TLSv1.1 by default. Fixed absolute imports, all imports are now relative.Changed location of the vendored ssl.match_hostname function from _match_hostname to _match_hostname to ensure Python 3.10+ compatibility after being repackaged by downstream distributors.Deprecated the Retry.MAX_BACKOFF class property in favor of Retry.DEFAULT_MAX_BACKOFF to better match the rest of the default parameter names.Added explicit support for Python 3.11.Added a mention of the size of the connection pool when discarding a connection due to the pool being full.Added extra message to when urllib3 detects that a proxy is configured to use HTTPS but the proxy itself appears to only use HTTP.
Please upgrade to a non-EOL Python version. ⚠️ This release will be the last release supporting Python 3.5. ⚠️ urllib3 v2.0 will drop support for Python 2: Read more in the v2.0 Roadmap If you or your organization rely on urllib3 consider supporting us via GitHub Sponsors.